![]() ![]() cacaoi AM1 showed strong inhibition effects against six tested pathogenic bacteria with inhibitory zones ranging from 7.5−22.3 mm. Phylogenetic analysis of actinomycetes-specific 16S rRNA sequences indicated that they were subjected to five Streptomyces species including Streptomyces cacaoi, Streptomyces californicus, Streptomyces enissocaesillis, Streptomyces coelicoflavus, and Streptomyces variabilis, which have not been previously reported in mangrove plants. marina growing in a mangrove forest, as yet unexplored, of Quang Ninh province, Vietnam. In this study, nine actinomycetes were isolated from A. Despite the fact that Streptomyces species are producers of more than 75% of commercialized antibiotics, Streptomyces associated with the extremely widespread mangrove plant Avicennia marina remain poorly characterized. ![]() Mangrove endophytes have recently gained considerable attention due to their diversity and abundance of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. ![]() Furthermore, the identification of the PvSV shows The diagnostic methods developed here (real-time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization) are effective for the detection of the pathogen and should be employed to limit its spread. The PvSV has a wide distribution in Brazil and has been found in the states of Maranhão State (Perizes de Baixo), Piaui State (Mexeriqueira), Ceará State (Camocim, Jaguaruana, Aracati and Alto Santo) and Pará State where it has been detected in coinfections with IMNV. ![]() Another unique feature is that it is the only RNA virus of penaeid shrimp that shows a nuclear localization by in situ hybridiza- tion. The tissue tropism of this virus is wide, infecting cells of the hepatopancreas, gastrointestinal tract, lymphoid organ and muscle tissue. A unique feature of this virus that differs from other members of the Solinviviridae is the presence of putative nuclear localization signals. The genome organization of the PvSV is similar to other (Nylan deria fulva virus 1) solinvivirus. Five conserved domains coding for a helicase, RdRp, calicivirus coat protein, G-patch and tegument protein were identified. The full-length genome of the PvSV is 10.44 kb (excluding the poly A tail) and codes for a polyprotein of 3326 aa. The novel virus has been tentatively termed Penaeus vannamei solinvivirus (PvSV) (GenBank accession: OP265432). The transcriptome analysis of these diseased shrimp showed an additional divergent viral sequence that we have assigned to the family Solinviviridae. Since 2016, unusual mortalities have been affecting the Brazilian shrimp industry and we have associated these unusual mortalities with a novel variant of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). The emergence and spread of disease-causing viruses in shrimp aquaculture is not uncom- mon. Vector control initiatives and immunization should be greatly sustained. Recurrent episodes of dengue, Chikungunya, and yellow fever continue unabated. CHIKV is still circulating following its identification in 19. YFV was reported in 1946 and then in the 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s, 2018, and 2019 with reports to date. All three DENV-3 were detected in 2018, while only one DENV-4 was identified in 2019. DENV-2 genotype VI was detected in 1966, and genotypes II and V in 2019. Nineteen DENV-2 strains were reported, four belonging to sylvatic VI, one belonging to cosmopolitan II, and twelve to Asian I genotype V. Chi-square was used to compare the association between the proportions of viral infections at different times. The evolutionary comparison was performed by the Maximum Likelihood method on MEGA. Genotyping was performed with a genome detective typing tool. Twenty-eight DENV, twenty-five YFV, and two CHIKV sequences from Nigeria were retrieved from GenBank. The molecular epidemiology of dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was determined from outbreaks and surveillance activities in Nigeria. Different ecological zones favor the breeding of Aedes species. ![]()
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